Vocab Lesson 1 Review

Believing
Lesson 1
CREDO, CREDERE, CREDIDI, CREDITUM
Latin
“to believe”

Latin saying
Crede quod habets, et bas.
Believe that you have it and you will.
KEY WORDS
1. Accredit
verb
Def: To authorize; to certify; to believe.
Sentence:
When the Red Cross accredits a lifeguard, it certifies that the person has successfully completed a course in water safety.

Other forms
2. Credence
noun.
Def: Belief; acceptance as true.
Sentence:
In the folk tale “The Boy Who Cried Wolf,” the boy has raised so many false alarms that no one gives credence to his cries when a wolf really does appear.

3. Creditable
Adj.
Def: Deserving praise.
Sentence:
Matt Muckey’s creditable performance earned him a glowing review from the notoriously harsh critic.

4. Credulous
Adj.
Def: Believing too easily; gullible.
Sentence:
Tom Sawyer hoodwinks his credulous Aunt Polly by offering fantastic excuses for his mischievous adventures.

Other forms
5. Creed
n.
Def: A statement of belief or principle.
Sentence:
In praise of the Mayflower pilgrims, Helen Hunt Jackson wrote, “Find me the men on earth who care / Enough for faith or creed today / To seek a barren wilderness / For simple liberty to pray.
Familiar Words:
DEUS
Latin
“god”
6. Deify
v. To make god of.
Sentence
In order to deify themselves and thus gain political power, Egyptian pharaohs claimed descent from Horus, the sun god.
Other form:
Deification, n.

7. Deity
n. A god or goddess.

Astarte, the Phoenician deity of love and beauty, bears many similarities to the Greek goddess Aphrodite and the Roman goddess Venus.
Other form: deism – noun (belief in god)
DIVINO, DIVINARE, DIVINAVI, DIVINATUM
Latin: “to foretell”
Familiar word
DIVINUS
Latin: “divine”
8. Divine, Definition #1
n.
Def: A god or goddess; a divine being.
Sentence: The Hindu divinity Durga is a warrior goddess who, like the Greek goddess Athena, was born fully grown and armed.

8. Divine, Definition #2
verb.
Definition: To know by intuition or insight.
Sentence:
Without a word my friend divined my distress.

Other forms
9. Divinity, Definition #2
Noun
Definition: The state of being divine.
Sentence:
The divinity of the Inca kings of ancient South America, who were worshiped as descendants of the sun god, represented the sacredness of the state.

9. Divinity, Definition #3
Noun
The study of Christian theology.
Sentence:
Jonathan Edwards studied Divinity at Harvard University.
Challenge Words:
THEOS
Greek
“god”
Familiar Words
Apotheosis, Definition #1
n.
Making a god of something; deification. Sentence:
Hawaiian mythology describes how Pele, the goddess of volcanic fire, and her family searched for a pit deep enough to house them all and found it at Mt. Kilauea, where they received their apotheosis and now express themselves in fiery forms.

Apotheosis, Definition #2
Noun
A glorified ideal; an essence.
For many Britons Queen Victoria was the apotheosis of the British Empire, embodying its traditions, values, and power.
Apotheosize, v.

11. Theocracy
n.
Government by divine power or priests.
Sentence: Historically, Tibet is a theocracy led by the fourteenth Dalai Lama, a monk believed in every successive generation to be the reincarnation of the previous Dalai Lama.
Theocratic, adj.

12. Theology
n. A person who believes there is no god.

Students of Buddhist theology must learn Pali, the language into which many teachings of the Buddha were translated.

Theologian, n.; theological, adj.

13. Atheist
n. A person who believes there is no god.

Percy Bysshe Shelley was expelled from Oxford University in 1811 for declaring himself an atheist.

Atheism, n.; atheistic, adj.

14. Pantheism
n. Identifying god with nature; belief in all gods.
Walt Whitman’s pantheism is evident in the conclusion of “Song of Myself”: “I bequeath myself to the dirt to grow from the grass I love…”

Pantheist, n.; pantheistic, adj.

15. Pantheon, Definition #1
Pan = Greek – “all”
n. All the gods of a people or religion. (When capitalized, Pantheon refers to the circular domed temple in Rome built in 27 B.C. and dedicated to all the gods.)
The ancient Greek pantheon was composed of gods and goddesses who were brothers and sisters—like Hera, Zeus, and Hestia—or the offspring of these siblings—like Cupid, Athena, and Persephone.

15. Pantheon, Definition #2
Noun, capitalized
Refers to the circular domed temple in Rome built in 27 B.C. and dedicated to all the gods.
Exercise 1A - Synonyms
1. a respected theologian

A. pantheist
B. theocrat
C. accreditor
D. student of divinity
E. believer in a deity
And the answer is…
D. student of divinity
2. Respected their creed
A. Deity
B. Fundamental beliefs
C. Praise
D. Customs
E. prophecy
And the answer is…
B. Fundamental beliefs
3. a(n) credulous audience
A. skeptical (not believing)
B.faithful
C. unbelievable
D. gullible
E. restless
And the answer is…
B. Faithful
4. Witness a(n) apotheosis
A. sacrifice
B. pantheon
C. creed
D. deification
E. accreditation
And the answer is…
D. deification
5. An Aztec divinity
A. monument
B. Custom
C. Creed
D. Deity
E. Religious practice
And the answer is…
D. Deity
6. A former theocracy
A. religious school
B. government by priests
C. basic principle
D. divine being
E. belief in all gods
And the answer is…
B. government by priests
7. Study the Aztec pantheon
A. temple
B. total of all gods
C. belief in all gods
D.credence
E. creed
And the answer is…
B. total of all gods
Antonyms:

· In the next set, choose the opposite of the word in bold-faced type

A(n) creditable record
A. unbelievable
B. falsified
C. disgraceful
D. reliable
E. consistent
And the answer is…
D. disgraceful
9. A means of divination
A. staying underwater for long periods
B. foretelling the future
C. becoming a god
D. becoming divine
E. reviewing the past.
And the answer is…
E. reviewing the past
10. A result of atheism
A. belief in god
B. aggression
C. autonomy
D. Nihilism (denies moral truths)
E. disloyalty
And the answer is…
A. belief in god
An accredited college
A. uncertified
B. impoverished
C. infamous
D. unprestigious
E. ostentatious
The answer is…
A. uncertified
B. impoverished
C. infamous
D. unprestigious
E. ostentatious

12. To give credence to someone
A. refuse
B. Believe
C. disrespect
D. doubt
E. condole with
The answer is…
A. refuse
B. Believe
C. disrespect
D. doubt
E. condole with

13. To become a deity
A. theologian
B. diviner
C. criminal
D. Pantheist
E. mortal
Answer is…
A. theologian
B. diviner
C. criminal
D. Pantheist
E. mortal

Ex. 1B
Directions: choose the letter of the sentence where the word in bold-faced type is used incorrectly.
1. Choose incorrect word use
A. The Romans practiced divination by studying flights of birds.
B. The Toltec divination Quetzalcoatl is represented as a plumed serpent.
C. I divine from her manner that she has something to hide.
D. In the Bible, Joseph divines the meaning of the Pharaoh's dream, predicting seven plentiful years followed by seven years of famine.
Answer is…
B. The Toltec divination Quetzalcoatl is represented as a plumed serpent.

Why? Divination means to foretell the future
2. Choose incorrect word in sentence
A.The bride deified tradition and had her mother walk her down the aisle instead of her father.
B. In disguise, Rosalind teases the lovesick Orlando about deifying her name by carving it on trees and hanging poems about her in the forest.
C.Because she passed the difficult tests set by the gods, Psyche was deified and brought to live on Mt. Olympus with her lover, Cupid.
D. Some parents seem to deify their children, regarding them as models of perfection.
The answer is…
A.The bride deified tradition and had her mother walk her down the aisle instead of her father.

Why? We don’t deify (make a God of) tradition – instead we defy tradition if we go against it!
3. Incorrect word/sentence
A. Native peoples of the American Northeast shared a pantheistic belief in manitous, good and bad spirits that inhabited all nature.
B . The Roman Empire practiced pantheism in its acceptance of all the gods of the nations it conquered.
C. A complete pantheist, she excels in sports, academics, and music.
D. According to Greek pantheism, gods lived in fountains, rivers, and pools.
Answer is…
C. A complete pantheist, she excels in sports, academics, and music

Why wrong? A pantheist identifies god with nature, or believes in all gods.
4. Incorrect word/sentence
A.Although highly esteemed in our town, this private hospital has never been accredited by the state.
B. The crew’s incompetent performance on the trip suggests we shouldn’t accredit its report of bad sailing conditions as the cause of the accident.
C. The school lost its accreditation because of poor instruction and exploitative management
D. I accredit my success to both luck and determinaqtion.
The answer is…
D. I accredit my success to both luck and determination.

The main meaning of accredit is “to cerfify.”
In this instance, we should use credit.
5. Incorrect word/sentence
A. Christian divinity students usually study Hebrew and Greek in order to read both the Old and New Testaments in their original languages.
B. Dagon, the chief divinity of the Philistines, was represented as half human and half fish.
C. Muslims do not regard Muhammad as a divinity but as a mortal man chosen as a prophet by Allah.
D. Through skillful divinity ancient Mayan astronomers were able to predict eclipses of the moon.
Answer is…
D. Through skillful divinity ancient Mayan astronomers were able to predict eclipses of the moon.

Why: divinity means god/gods – divination (telling the future) would be the best word here.
Ex. 1C Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word from our list
1. P.T. Barnum supposedly said, “There’s a sucker born every minute,” to support his view that audiences tend to be _________.
Answer is…
1. Credulous – gullible.
2. Fill ins
The ___________, the best preserved temple in Rome, has served as a model for classical architecture.
Answer is…
2. Pantheon
3. Fill ins
The ______________ of most environmental groups might be summed up as “Act now to preserve the future of the planet.”
Answer is…
3. creed
4. Fill ins
The Romans __________ and worshiped many of their emperors, often during their lifetimes.
Answer is…
4. deified (from deify)
5. Fill ins
In Hindu__________ a person’s fate, or karma, is regarded as a reward or punishment for behavior in a previous existence.
Answer is…
In Hindu__theology________ a person’s fate, or karma, is regarded as a reward or punishment for behavior in a previous existence.

Why? Theology = religious beliefs
6. Fill ins
For a(n) _____________to function effectively, all citizens of that state must share the same religion.
Answer is…
For a(n) _theocracy____________to function effectively, all citizens of that state must share the same religion.

Why: theocracy refers to religious government
7. Fill ins
The cave paintings at Lascaux in southwest France suggest that Stone Age artists had a(n) ______________ regard for the animal life around them.
Answer…
The cave paintings at Lascaux in southwest France suggest that Stone Age artists had a(n) _pantheistic_____________ regard for the animal life around them.

Why? Pantheistic refers to identifying god with nature
8. Fill ins
Listen to all the candidates, but don’t give _________ to everything they promise.
Answer…
Listen to all the candidates, but don’t give credence_________ to everything they promise.

Why: credence = belief in
9. Fill ins
Although a professed _____________, she was married in a church to appease (please) her religious parents.
Answer…
Although a professed __atheist___________, she was married in a church to appease (please) her religious parents.

Why? Atheist refers to someone who does not believe in God, so she would not want to marry in a church.
10. Fill ins
Many aspiring artists of the nineteenth century regarded Paris as the __________ of cultural life.
Answer…
Many aspiring artists of the nineteenth century regarded Paris as the _apotheosis_________ of cultural life.

Why apotheosis? Its second meaning is “a glorified ideal—an essence.”
11. Fill ins
Although their profession was hardly ____________, Mary Read and Anne Bonny were renown as pirates.
Answer…
Although their profession was hardly __creditable__________, Mary Read and Anne Bonny were renown as pirates.

Why? Creditable means deserving praise – people were not praised for being pirates – they were condemned!