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Lesson 2
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Holy, Holy, Holy
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Key words
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SACER
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Latin = sacred
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Familiar words
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1. Consecrate #1
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Con – Latin – “with”
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Transitive verb
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To make or declare something sacred
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“The brave men, living and dead, who have struggled here, have consecrated it far above
our poor power to add or detract.” – Abraham Lincoln/Gettysburg Address
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1. Consecrate #2
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Definition: To dedicate something to a goal.
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The March of Dimes consecrates its resources to research on birth defects.
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Other forms
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2. Execrate
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Ex – Latin – “from,” or “out of”
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Transitive verb
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To denounce as vile or evil; to curse; to detest
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Archaeologists execrate the destruction of Inca art when the Spanish melted down the gold.
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Other forms
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3. Sacrament
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Noun
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Something considered to have sacred (holy) significance.
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“Susanna’s music/…plays/On the clear viol of her memory,/And makes a constant sacrament
of praise.”
–
--Wallace Stevens
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Other form
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Sacramental, adj.
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4. Sacrilege
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Latin – legere – “to gather,” “to steal”
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Noun
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Disrespect to something regarded as sacred.
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“The existing industrial order tends to recklessness and sacrilege in the treatment of natural
resources…”
–
William Temple
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Other form
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Sacrilegious
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Adj.
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5. Sacrosanct
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Latin – sanctus – holy
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Adj.
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Sacred (often used ironically)
ž In Bless Me Ultima, the Luna family of farmers regard the land as
sacrosanct.
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Sanctus
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Latin – “holy”
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6. Sanctimonious
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Adj.
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Pretending to be righteous
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I resented his sanctimonious allusions to my laziness when he led such a sedentary life himself.
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Other form:
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Sanctimoniousness, noun
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7. Sanction #1
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Noun
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Approval, support, permission
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A young person under eighteen must have written parental sanction to serve in the military.
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7. Sanction #2
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(usually plural) – Sanctions
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A penalty for breaking with law or custom.
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The senator called for sanctions against companies that continued to pollute the Great Lakes.
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7. Sanction #3
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Transitive verb
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To approve; to encourage
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Before a new medicine can be sold in the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration must sanction
it as safe.
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Dear Students,
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The meanings of “sanction” can be confusing. Used as a verb or a singular noun, it
has positive connotations, meaning “to approve,” such as “The principal sanctioned a special
school holiday to celebrate our town’s centennial,” or meaning “approval,” such as “We won the
principal’s sanction for the special school holiday.”
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However,
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Used as a plural noun, sanctions, its connotations are negative, meaning “a penalty
to forced obedience or compliance.” Sanctions may be economic, such as a boycott against a firm or country
that fails to meet certain requirements. Sanctions may also be social, such as condemning an offending person
or country. Whatever the method, imposing sanctions on something or someone is intending to change policy or behavior.
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8. Sanctity
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Noun
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Godliness; holiness
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In “High Flight,” a nineteen-year-old member of the Royal Canadian Air Force wrote,”…with
silent, lifting mind I’ve trod/The high, untrespassed sanctity of space…”
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9. Sanctuary
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Noun
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A sacred place; any place of refuge
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During the uprising of peasants the royal family took sanctuary in an abbey.
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In the Middle
Ages…
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The institution of sanctuary allowed a fugitive to take refuge in a church. In some churches the
fugitive had to touch a particular object such as the altar, the bishop’s throne, or the knocker on the church door
to claim the right of sanctuary. After forty days the fugitive could either be prosecuted or forced to leave the country
forever.
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Hieros
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Greek
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“Holy,” “Sacred,” “Supernatural”
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10. Hierarchy
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Archy– “to rule”
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Noun
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A group organized by rank
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In the hierarchy of the British nobility, a duke or duchess ranked above a baron or baroness.
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Other forms
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11. Hieroglyphic
#1
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Glyph – Greek – “to carve”
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Adj.
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Written with pictures to represent sounds or meanings of words
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Although scholars have deciphered only a few ancient Mayan hieroglyphic forms, they can recognize
those representing dates.
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11. Hieroglyphic
#2
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Hard to read
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Please type your essays! Your hieroglyphic handwriting clouds your good ideas.
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Other form
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Hieroglyph
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Noun
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Pio, Piare, Piavi, Piatum
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Latin
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To appease
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To purify (with sacred rites)
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12. Expiate
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Ex – Latin – from/out of
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Transitive verb
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To make amends for; to atone for
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Since WWII, many Germans have attempted to expiate Nazi atrocities against Jews by both public
and private support of Israeli institutions.
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13. Piety
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Noun
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Religious devotion; great respect toward something, especially parents.
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The woman showed great piety in church by carrying her prayer book.
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Antonym
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Impiety – im = not
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14. Impious
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Im – not
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Adj
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Sacrilegious; profane; lacking appropriate reverence or respect.
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Many Native Americans regard displays of their ancestors’ bones and burial artifacts in museums
as an impious disturbance and are demanding their return to the earth.
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Antonym
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Pious
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15. Pittance
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Noun
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A meager portion of anything, especially an allowance
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Although paid only a pittance for a twelve-hour day, agricultural workers flocked to England’s
nineteenth-century mill towns rather than starvation on the farm.
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Synonyms
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1. Such hieroglyphic signs:
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A. carved
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B. poetic
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C. out-of-date
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D. ossified
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E. illegible
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Answer
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. Such hieroglyphic signs:
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A. carved
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B. poetic
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C. out-of-date
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D. ossified
ž E. illegible
ž 2. Of great sanctity
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A. scarcity
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B. impiety
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C. sanity
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D. sanctimoniousness
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E. holiness
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Answer – Sanctity -
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A. scarcity
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B. impiety
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C. sanity
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D. sanctimoniousness
ž E. holiness
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3. A sacrosanct custom
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a. common
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B. sacred
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C. secret
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D. catholic
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E. avant garde
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Answer - sacrosanct
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a. common
ž B. sacred
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C. secret
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D. catholic
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E. avant garde
ž 5. A group that is hierarchic
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A. revolutionary
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B. exclusive
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C. organized by rank
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D. condemned by others
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E. famous in history
ž Answer - hierarchic
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A. revolutionary
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B. exclusive
ž C. organized by rank
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D. condemned by others
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E. famous in history
ž 6. Such a sacrilege
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A. error
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B. insult
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C. act of devotion
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D. act of disrespect
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E. creditable act
ž Answer - sacrilege
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A. error
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B. insult
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C. act of devotion
ž D. act of disrespect
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E. creditable act
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Antonyms
ž 7. an impious act
ž A. unselfish
ž B. consecrated
ž C. pathetic
ž D. unexpected
ž E. sacrilegious
ž Answer - impious
ž A. unselfish
ž B. consecrated
ž C. pathetic
ž D. unexpected
ž E. sacrilegious
ž 8. Offer a pittance
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A. sympathy
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B. a generous amount
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C. a share
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D. credence
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E. sanctions
ž Answer - pittance
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A. sympathy
ž B. a generous amount
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C. a share
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D. credence
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E. sanctions
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9. Enact sanctions on a country
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A. penalties
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B. jeopardy
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C. rewards
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D. trust
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E. war
ž Answer - sanctions
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A. penalties
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B. jeopardy
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D. trust
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E. war
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10. Execrable behavior
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A. creditable
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B. sacrilegious
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C. vigilant
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D. erratic
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E. pedantic
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10. Execrable behavior
ž A. creditable
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B. sacrilegious
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C. vigilant
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D. erratic
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E. pedantic
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11. A place of sanctuary
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A. sacrosanction
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B. holiness
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C. danger
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D. derision
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E. circumspection
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11. A place of sanctuary
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A. sacrosanction
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B. holiness
ž C. danger
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D. derision
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E. circumspection
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12. Show piety
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A. credence
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B. distrust
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C. disrespect
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D. generosity
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E. fidelity
ž 12. Show piety
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A. credence
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B. distrust
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D. generosity
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E. fidelity
ž 13. An act of expiation
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A. accreditation
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B. consecration
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C. credulity
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D. desperation
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E. revenge
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13. An act of expiation
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A. accreditation
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B. consecration
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C. credulity
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D. desperation
ž E. revenge
