AP Language & Composition

Vocabulary Lesson 1

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Lesson 1 & 2: Here and There Notes - please check these notes with a partner in class - some Powerpoint elements did not transfer.

LesVocabulary from Classical Roots

Here and There

Lessons 1 

AP Vocabulary: Focus on Classical Roots

Mrs. Grossenbacher

KEY WORDS

INTER

Latin = between

1. Interloper

Latin – inter – between + loper – Dutch – runner

 

Noun – One who intrudes by meddling or trespassing on the rights of others

 

Mrs. Proudie, the bishop’s wife, is such an officious interloper in church matters that people sarcastically refer to her as “the Bishop of Barchester.”

2. Internecine

Latin – inter – between + necare – to slay

Adj. – Definition #1: Very destructive to both sides in a conflict; involving slaughter and carnage

Sentence #1: the internecine cost of the victory of King Pyrrhus of Epirus over the Romans in 279 B.C. is remembered today in the phrase “Pyrrhic

   victory.”

Internecine

Definition #2: Pertaining to struggle or conflict within a group, organization, or nation.

Sentence #2: The internecine struggle of the American Civil War left the country devastated. 

3. Interpolate

Inter – between + polire – to polish

Definition #1:  To insert or add something between other parts, especially in a text or written work.

Sentence #1: For the music lesson scene in The Barber of Seville, the composer, Gioacchino Rossini, let every singer in the role of Rosina interpolate an aria of her choice.

 

 

3. Interpolate

Definition #2: To introduce material that severely alters, or falsifies, a text

 

Sentence 2: Eighteenth century acting companies freely interpolated new speeches, scenes, or denouements (endings) into plays they were performing, even works by Shakespeare.

Interpolate – other forms

4. Interregnum

Inter – between + regnum reign

N. Definition #1: Any period of time when a state is without a ruler or has a provisional government, especially between the reign of a sovereign and a successor.

Sentence #1: During the interregnum of 1649 to 1660, Oliver Cromwell and his Roundheads controlled the English government.

4. Interregnum

Definition #2: An interval between controlling elements; an interruption in an otherwise continuous function of a process.

 

Sentence #2: “The old is dying and the new and cannot be born; in this interregnum there arises a great diversity of morbid symptoms.”

--Antonio

 Les. 1 & 2B: Putting in place

PONO, PONERE, POSUI, POSITUM

Latin = to put; to place

5. Interpose

Origin: inter (between) + pose (to put)

Verb: transitive and intransitive

Other form: Noun: interposition

 

Definition 1

Definition 2

6. Juxtapose

Latin: juxta = close together

Transitive verb

Other form: juxtaposition

 

Meaning and Sentence

Familiar Words – Look up any words you don’t already know

Challenge Words

Prope & Propinquus

Prope:  Near

Propinquus: Near

7. Propinquity

Latin – pro – forth

Noun

Pinquus - Meaning: Nearness; proximity

 

Propinquity Sentence

Propinquity is the province of cats. Living by accident,…cats take their chances, love by need or nearness as long as the need lasts, as long as the nearness is near enough.

--Alastair Reid

 

Lesson 1&2C: Near

7. Propinquity

Meaning #2 – Kinship.

Sentence 2: Although the tempestuous relationship of

Catherine Earnshaw

and Heathcliff is unfulfilled,

it leads to the uneasy

 propinquity through

marriage of her daughter

and his son.

8. Rapprochement

Latin – to – toward

N

Definition: Reconciliation; restoration of cordial relations, especially between two countries.

Sentence: After many centuries of conflict, the rapprochement of Israel and the Vatican occurred when formal relations were established in 1993.

Lesson 1&2 C

Quiet and Rest

Roots:

9. Quiescent

9. Adj.  Definition: At rest; dormant, motionless

Sentence: Family members’ emotions in China in the 1960’s may have appeared quiescent, but Ting Ling describes conflicts churning beneath calm

 exteriors.   

  N. Quiescence  

10. Acquiesce

 

10.   Ac = to; toward

Intransitive verb – Definition: To agree or consent without any objection

Sentence:
“If the changes that we fear [in language] be thus irresistible, what remains to acquiesce with silence…?”

--Samuel Johnson, Preface to a Dictionary of the English Language

 

 

10. Acquiesce

Other forms:

A.  Acquiescence – noun

B.   Acquiescent - adjective

11. Requiem

Latin re: back; again

Noun – Definition: A mass or service for the repose of departed souls; music, poetry, or other composition for the dead.

Sentence: Hamlet learns of Ophelia’s suicide when he hears the priest say, “We should profane the service of the dead,/to sing a requiem, and such rest to her…”

 -- William Shakespeare

12. Unrequited

Un – Germanic – no

Adj; Definition: Not reciprocal; not given in payment or returned in kind.

Sentence: In Arthurian legend, Elaine dies of a broken heart because of her unrequited love for Lancelot, who is devoted to Queen Guinevere.

12. Unrequited

Other forms

A. Unrequitable – adj.

B. Requited - antonym

Nota bene

Although frequently used, the word unrequited does not appear in most dictionaries; the meaning of the negative un form is implied. The word usually appears in the context of a one-sided love relationship.

However…Unrequited can also mean “not avenged; without retaliation for a wrong or injury”; for example Christian teaching advises letting a wrong go unrequited by “turning the other cheek.”

Lastly…

Requite rarely turns up in contemporary speech,  but one might way that polite guests requite their host’s hospitality with a thoughtful gift.

  

Lesson 1 & 2 D

Latin: To PUSH

Trudo, trudere, trusi, trusum

Latin – “to push”


13. Abstruse

Ab – “away from”

Adj: Difficult to understand; complex  

Sentence: Without some background in physics, an audience would find a lecture on thermodynamics and entropy abstruse.

 

14. Extrude

Ex – “from,” “out of”

Transitive verb: Definition – To push or thrust out a liquid or malleable substance that retains or solidifies into a predetermined shape.

14. Extrude

Sentence: The chambered nautilus extrudes a nacreous substance that hardens into a shell of progressively larger chambers to accommodate the animal’s growth.

15. Obtrude

Latin:  ob = off, against

15. Obtrude

Definition #2: To thrust or push out; to protrude noticeably, often in an undesirable way.

 

Sentence #2: During years when the water level of Mono Lake in California dropped, tufas, irregular knobbed and spired formations of calcium carbonate, began to obtrude above the surface.

15. Obtrude

Definition # 1: to force

oneself insistently upon

others

Sentence: Pretending to be humble, Uriah Heep obtrudes in the business affairs of the Wickfields until David Copperfield’s friends come to the rescue.

 

Challenge Word: Detrude

 

 

If a handout is available online (e.g., a newspaper article) I might include the appropriate link to the information students need on this page.